My fave red dot commemorates this annual event with a two day conference and a series of media reports on wide ranging social issues regarding this growing epidemic.
A few major issues seem to emerge from the fanfare of events and media coverage on social treatment of AIDS this year:
1. By and large, stigmatisation of HIV/AIDS prevails.
Straits Times:
… while medications have transformed HIV infection from a death sentence to a chronic illness, no potent cure has yet been found for the stigma surrounding the disease.
Indeed, stories abound of how people with HIV and AIDS are treated as pariahs by friends and family members who find out about their status. Others have faced discrimination from employers, colleagues and even health workers.
At the conference, Ms Ho Lai Peng, a medical social worker spoke of some nursing homes which have persistently refused to take in any AIDS patients, lending evidence to discrimination against this demographic within healthcare sector.
Such attitude toward AIDS/HIV positives is attributed to
2. A general misinformation or ignorance of the public on how AIDS may be transmitted.
Straits Times:
The stigma is hard to eradicate because AIDS is associated with sex and drug use.
quoting a veteran volunteer with Action for Aids, “Many people still take the high moral view that those who get it deserve it; that they must be homosexual, promiscuous, drug addicts or sex workers.”
According to a survey conducted by Alex Au, gay activist and author behind the popular Yawning Bread, even amongst the more political savvy Singaporeans persists the myths that the risk of contracting AIDS/HIV:
(1) may be correlated to having sex with certain demographic (eg Caucasians)
(2) may be reduced if compulsory HIV test before marriage were to be imposed.
Drawing on these two findings, Alex argues for a tendency to externalise causes for AIDS/HIV amongst Singaporeans, as represented by the surveyed sample.
Such ignorance or misconceptions are perpetuated by
3. A conservative attitude towards sex education or what has been termed as sexophobia (see Yawning Bread).
Ms Braema Mathi, former Nominated Member of Parliament and vice-president of AFA, as quoted in Straits Times special report, said, “Singaporeans are trapped by a value system in which we are not encouraged to talk about sex. We tell ourselves we are Asians. But we cannot keep perpetuating this repression.
“The bottom line is you have to be safe, whether throw abstinence, by being faithful or using condoms.”
However, as the same report has pointed out,
Some quarters object to the promotion of condoms because they say it encourages sexual promiscuity and condoms do not provide 100 per cent protection …
As Dr Stuart Koe points out at the conference, in a survey conducted on Men Having Sex with Men (MSM), condom use correlates negatively with the number of HIV cases.
Conservative interpretation of condom use has affected the promotion of safe sex to MSM who have quoted familiarity of sexual partners and greater sexual satisfaction through bareback sex as reasons for not using condoms (results from Dr Koe’s survey).
My take on the findings or conference? It is indeed worrying to note an increasing denial amongst Singaporeans of their own responsibility towards safe sex. And it certainly doesn’t bode well that a ‘conservative majority’ should deter the public education on safe sex practices.
Addendum: To gain better access to MSM, Roy Chan, President of AfA called for repeal of Article 377A which criminalises sexual intercourse between men and has forced these men into closet. As reported on Yahoo News, 4 December 2006.
Further update: Sexophobia does seem to inflict Asians in general, not just in Singapore, if this report on Asian Americans is anything to go by.